大型支撑辊的堆焊修复工艺及应用

大型支撑辊重量大、辊径大、辊面长、耐磨层厚,采用传统的堆焊工艺修复Cr3~Cr5大型支撑辊难度大,母体金属与堆焊层容易在堆焊时发生相变,导致开裂。另外,传统的轧辊堆焊修复工艺不合理,修复的轧辊力学性能较差,限制了轧辊的使用寿命,大量报废的轧辊尤其是大型轧辊长期堆积在轧钢厂内,增加了生产成本,造成了极大浪费。为此,开展了大型热轧Cr3~Cr5支撑辊及大型冷轧Cr3支撑辊焊材制备、堆焊工艺及修复技术研究。技术实施表明,修复后的支撑辊使用寿命达到新轧辊的寿命,每支堆焊修复支撑辊上机使用至报废尺寸,至少可循环堆焊修复3次,使支撑辊单项辊耗成本在每个循环周期内降低40%~60%,同时解决了大型支撑辊焊接性能不稳定的难题。     

Bidirectional energy storage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter application system

A novel topology of the bidirectional energy storage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter was proposed to reduce the negative impact of the photovoltaic grid-connected system on the grid caused by environmental instability. Using the proposed Inverter as a UPS power supply in case of a grid failure, storage electrical energy and regulating the energy delivered to the grid for reducing the pressure on the grid. A new artificial fish-swarm algorithm and variable step voltage perturbation method were presented to track the maximum power point of the solar panels. Analysis was done to reduce the output ripple of the inverter and sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) was selected to control the inverter. Model simulation was performed using PSpice software to obtain the volt-ampere characteristic curve of the solar panel output. The solar array simulator was used to verify the effect of maximum power point tracking at different light intensities. The study concludes that the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) efficiency of the bidirectional energy storage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter designed was as high as 99.9%. The distortion rate of the grid-connected current waveform was within 2% and the DC current component was less than 0.5%. The output voltage and power were in full compliance with the grid connection standard.     

密实度对桩端承载力影响的离散元分析

为探究土体密实度对桩基的滑动面和破坏机理产生的影响,采用PFC3D软件模拟浅埋条件下的单桩在密实和松散砂土中的载荷试验,从微观角度揭示密实和松散两种状态对桩端承载机理的影响。结果表明,在桩端承载力与沉降位移的关系曲线中,密实地基的桩端阻力存在明显的峰值并出现沉降软化,松散地基的桩端阻力不断增大;通过颗粒速度场随桩体位移的变化,密实地基的破坏面与MEYERHOF G G提出的破坏面类似,松散地基的破坏面与VESIC A S提出的冲剪破坏面和局部剪切破坏面类似;通过颗粒位移场随桩体位移的变化,密实地基桩端附近土体发生侧向挤压和隆起而松散地基桩端土体仅发生严重的侧向挤压;通过分析地基破坏后的颗粒接触力,密实地基的力链有沿桩端向桩端以上的地基边界和桩身发展的趋势,松散地基的力链集中在桩底以下并向下传递;通过孔隙比和应力状态随加载过程的变化可知,密实地基发生土体剪胀,松散地基发生土体剪缩。     

塑料盖注塑成型方案分析及翘曲变形参数优化

以塑料盖作为研究对象,获得最优成型方案,预测塑件成型后的翘曲变形程度以提高塑件质量。初步提出两种注塑工艺方案加工塑料盖,使用Moldflow软件对两种方案注塑过程进行模拟对比分析,对产生翘曲缺陷的原因进行研究;利用五因素四水平的正交试验,以减小翘曲变形程度作为优化目标,优化工艺参数。模拟结果表明:方案二为最优方案,且翘曲变形主要是由收缩不均匀以及取向不均匀而造成的,翘曲变形程度最小的工艺参数组合为熔体温度250℃、模具温度60℃、保压时间12 s、冷却时间12 s、填充时间0.9 s,优化后比优化前翘曲变形程度降低9.4%左右,熔料熔接和材料性能也有所改善,塑料盖整体质量提高。实验可有效地缩短塑料盖的研发周期,降低生产成本,提高塑料盖的研发成功率。     

Crack initiation,propagation, and arrest in sintering powder aggregates

Cracking during sintering is a common problem in powder processing and is usually caused by constraint that prevents the sintering material from shrinking in one or more directions. Different factors influence sintering-induced cracking, including temperature schedule, packing density, and specimen geometry. Here we use the discrete element method to directly observe the stress distribution and sinter-cracking behavior in edge notched panels sintered under a uniaxial restraint. This geometry allows an easy comparison with traditional fracture mechanics parameters, facilitating analysis of sinter-cracking behavior. We find that cracking caused by self-stress during sintering resembles the growth of creep cracks in fully dense materials. By deriving the constrained densification rate from the appropriate constitutive equations, we discover that linear shrinkage transverse to the loading axis is accelerated by a contribution from the effective Poisson's ratio of a sintering solid. Simulation of different notch geometries and initial relative densities reveals conditions that favor densification and minimize crack growth, alluding to design methods for avoiding cracking in actual sintering processes. We combine the far-field stress and crack length to compute the net section stress, finding that it characterizes the stress profile between the notches and correlates with the sinter-crack growth rate, demonstrating its potential to quantitatively describe sinter-cracking.     

基于离散元法的带式输送机托辊结构优化分析

基于离散元理论,在建立带式输送机离散元模型的基础上,利用赫兹接触理论分析输送机物料装载点的落煤颗粒的能量传递过程,通过对比分析不同槽角输送带在物料输送过程中的底边与侧边的受力情况,得到最优槽角区间,为输送机托辊组的设计提供理论依据与参考。     

Does interior color contrast enhance spatial memory?

This study investigated the effect of contrast in neutral-, warm-, and cool-colored spaces on spatial memory. Spatial memory was measured in terms of architectural scale and recollection of architectural elements and furniture. Participants (N = 114) viewed a short virtual simulation video of a residential studio and were asked to sketch a map of the architectural elements on distributed grid paper. Spatial memory was measured in terms of scale, and item recall rate. Contrast and hue had no significant effect on the memorization of proportional scale. However, high-contrast schemes allowed for a significantly higher recollection of architectural elements than low-contrast schemes. In comparing the effect of hues, a significant difference was seen in recalling detailed furniture and lighting items. Participants reported significantly better spatial memory of neutral and warm color schemes than of cool color schemes. There was no interaction effect between contrast and hue in the color combinations. These results can be applied in the design of color schemes for architectural spaces requiring enhanced spatial cognition and memory.     

两个大型住宅项目设计配套消防备供电源供电方案分析及优劣对比

通过对两个大型住宅项目配置消防备供电源供电方案进行对比,分析由此产生的建设安装造价成本高低,以及后期物业管理程序的难易程度,总结出适宜于大型住宅项目的消防备供电源供电方案,既能降低建设投资成本,又可以简化后期物业管理程序,更好地保障消防系统供电安全,值得推广。     

基于滚动摩擦作用下玉米颗粒在模拟筒仓卸料中的力链分析（网络首发、推荐阅读）

针对颗粒滚动摩擦作用对筒仓中玉米颗粒的力链空间分布进行研究，通过EDEM离散元软件建立筒仓模型与仿真玉米颗粒模型进行卸粮仿真模拟，并与筒仓卸料实验作流态对比，验证模型与仿真结果的准确性。通过对模拟仓进行切片观察和数据处理，对比分析了不同摩擦情况下力链的细观参数随时间演化规律。模拟结果表明：颗粒间摩擦系数越大，卸粮完成的最终时间越长；颗粒间滚动摩擦系数越小，颗粒由整体流转变为管状流的时间越早。对于有漏斗的筒仓来说，减小颗粒间摩擦会改变整体流和管状流之间的极限，从而增加产生管状流的面积。标准滚动摩擦系数下玉米颗粒在卸料过程中会出现起拱-塌陷效应；减小滚动摩擦，玉米颗粒卸料较稳定，未出现起拱的应力突增、以及拱塌陷的应力衰减；增大颗粒间滚动摩擦不但会增加拱效应，且出现成拱高度距离漏斗口更高。     

Variable stage-independent double sampling plan with screening for acceptance quality loss limit inspection scheme

The quality loss suggested by Taguchi has been recognised as a new quality evaluation based on variable property instead of the quality evaluation based on traditional attribute property such as the proportion of nonconforming items. Some variable sampling inspection plans in order to assure the quality have been considered. As one of those sampling inspection plans, the single sampling plan with screening (SSPS) has been constructed for acceptance quality loss limit inspection scheme. Further, the repetitive group sampling plan with screening (RGSPS) has been developed for reducing the average total inspection (ATI). Although ATI by RGSPS has successfully been reduced in comparison with ATI by SSPS, RGSPS may sometimes increase the average sampling frequency (ASF) in return for reducing ATI. In this study, the stage-independent double sampling plan with screening (SIDSPS) based on the concept of the acceptance quality loss limit inspection scheme is proposed under the consideration of the trade-off between ATI and ASF. Through some numerical comparisons about ATI and ASF in SSPS, RGSPS, and SIDSPS, the usefulness of SIDSPS proposed in this study is confirmed.